# Core widgets

Apostrophe comes with some content widgets you can use in areas right away. See below for their descriptions and options.

Common name/label	Widget reference	What is it?
Rich text	`@apostrophecms/rich-text`	A space to enter text and allow formatting (e.g., bolding, links)
Image	`@apostrophecms/image`	A single image supporting alt text and responsive behavior
Video	`@apostrophecms/video`	Embed a video from most video hosts by entering its URL
Raw HTML	`@apostrophecms/html`	Allow entering HTML directly (see security notes below)

The rich text widget provides a space for entering and editing formatted text. Editors can update its content directly in-context.

There are many text formatting features that you can configure for rich text widgets. These editor options are configured in two widget options: toolbar and styles. Add these to the widget configuration object when adding an area field.

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/rich-text': {
    // 👇 Toolbar configuration
    toolbar: ['styles', 'bold', 'italic'],
    // 👇 Styles configuration
    styles: [
      {
        tag: 'p',
        label: 'Paragraph (P)'
      },
      {
        tag: 'h2',
        label: 'Heading 2 (H2)'
      }
    ]
  }
}

To add formatting tools to the rich text toolbar, add their names to the toolbar array. The available formatting options include:

Tool name	What is it?
`'styles'`	A list of text styles, allowing different HTML tags and CSS classes (see "Configuring text styles" below)
`'bold'`	Bold text
`'italic'`	Italicize text
`'strike'`	Strikethrough text
`'superscript'`	Superscript text
`'subscript'`	Subscript text
`'link'`	Add a link
`'anchor'`	Add an anchor id
`'horizontalRule'`	Add a visual horizontal rule
`'bulletList'`	Bulleted list
`'orderedList'`	Numbered list
`'blockquote'`	Block quote
`'codeBlock'`	Code block
`'alignLeft'`	Text Align Left
`'alignCenter'`	Text Align Center
`'alignRight'`	Text Align Right
`'alignJustify'`	Text Align Justify
`'table'`	Insert and edit tables
`'image'`	Insert and edit images
`'undo'`	Undo the last change
`'redo'`	Redo the last undone change
`'\|'`	Add a visual separator to the toolbar (not a formatting action)

Note that the toolbar appears only when text is already selected. Some features, like table and image, should be available all the time because they insert entirely new content unrelated to existing text.

To accommodate this, you can enable the "insert menu" as well:

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/rich-text': {
    //  Toolbar configuration
    toolbar: ['styles', 'bold', 'italic', 'table', 'image'],
    // 👇 Insert menu configuration
    insert: ['table', 'image']
}

When you do so, the user receives a hint to press the / key at the start of any line to open the insert menu.

Note that in this example, both insert menu options appear on the toolbar as well. This is because there are useful features included for editing existing tables and images, not just inserting new ones.

# Configuring text styles

When you add the 'styles' formatting tool, you can configure an array of text styles. These must include an HTML tag and a label for the menu interface. They may also include a CSS class.

A single style including class might look like:

{
  label: 'Centered heading',
  tag: 'h2',
  class: 'centered'
}

You can use the same tag in several styles with various CSS classes.

NOTE

Including a class with a style will not automatically apply any styles. You still need to write your own CSS for the class.

Some tags will wrap the selected text, rather than converting the entire block to be enclosed in a specific tag. For example, selecting just a few words within a paragraph and applying a style using the span tag will surround the selected text with span tags configured with the configured class attribute(s).

Adding to the toolbar styles:

{
  styles: [
    {
      tag: 'span',
      label: 'Highlight: Red',
      class: 'highlight-red'
    }
  ]
}

Adding to the stylesheet:

.highlight-red { color: #FF0000; }

Screenshot showing the addition of red highlighting to text in the Rich Text Editor

The other tags that wrap the selected text instead of converting the entire section include b, strong, code, mark, em, i, a, s, del, strike, u, anchor, superscript, and subscript. While the majority of these have dedicated toolbar buttons, you can also add them to the style menu if you want to add them to the page with a class.

# Default rich text configuration

{
  toolbar: [
    'styles',
    'bold',
    'italic',
    'strike',
    'link',
    'bulletList',
    'orderedList',
    'blockquote'
  ],
  styles: [
    {
      tag: 'p',
      label: 'Paragraph (P)'
    },
    {
      tag: 'h2',
      label: 'Heading 2 (H2)'
    },
    {
      tag: 'h3',
      label: 'Heading 3 (H3)'
    },
    {
      tag: 'h4',
      label: 'Heading 4 (H4)'
    }
  ]
},

If you prefer, you can configure only one of the two sections (toolbar or styles), and keep the default configuration for the other.

You can also set your own default rich text options. Avoid adding the same options repeatedly by configuring these options on the @apostrophecms/rich-text-widget module.

// modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/index.js
module.exports = {
  options: {
    defaultOptions: {
      toolbar: [
        // Your default formatting tools
      ],
      styles: [
        // Your own default styles
      ]
    }
  }
}

The rich text widget has limited support for using Markdown syntax (opens new window). Heading styles can be selected by adding the same number of octothorpe ('#') as the heading level, followed by a space, and then the heading text. This will only work if you have that heading added into your styles dropdown. If you do not have a particular heading added to your styles, the next heading lower will be substituted. For example, if you have the h2 tag added but not the h1, using # My Title will result in your title having h2 tags. For the default rich text widget settings, headings ## H2, ### H3, and #### H4 are defined.

Several other Markdown shortcuts are enabled by default, including double tilde (~~ strikethrough~~) for strikethrough and double asterisk (**bold**). See the table below for the entire list.

Element	Syntax	Enabling
`h1`	`# heading 1`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`h2`	`## heading 2`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`h3`	`## heading 3`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`h4`	`## heading 4`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`h5`	`## heading 5`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`h6`	`## heading 6`	Must be defined in 'styles'
`strong`	`bold` or `__bold__`	Default
`em`	`italics` or `_italics_`	Default
`blockquote`	`> blockquote`	Default
`ol`	`1. list item`	Default
`ul`	`* list item`	Default
`code`	`code` (single backticks)	Default
`s`	`~~strikethrough~~`	Default
`mark`	`==highlight==`	Default
`hr`	`---`	Default

NOTE

Spaces in the syntax between the symbol and any text in the table are required, e.g., ## heading. Equally, a lack of space between symbols and any text is also required for proper formatting, e.g., **bold**.

# Configuring the `image` toolbar and insert menu option

If you choose to enable the image toolbar option, which allows images to appear inline in text, you will usually want to also add it to the insert option so that the user can easily insert a brand new image without selecting text first.

In addition, you will likely want to configure the imageStyles option of the @apostrophecms/rich-text-widget module, in order to specify CSS classes the user is allowed to select for the image:

// modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/index.js
module.exports = {
  options: {
    imageStyles: [
      {
        value: 'image-float-left',
        label: 'Float Left'
      },
      {
        value: 'image-float-right',
        label: 'Float Right'
      },
      {
        value: 'image-float-center',
        label: 'Center'
      }
    ]
  }
}

/modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/index.js

Apostrophe will apply the specified classes to a figure element that will contain an img element and a figcaption element. Note that writing CSS styles for those classes to suit your needs is up to you. image-float-left does not ship with Apostrophe, it is just an example.

Inline images can be handy, especially for floating, but image widgets and custom widgets are generally more flexible.

# Allowing links to specific piece-types

By default, the rich text widget allows you to add links to URLs or internal pages. The linkWithType option allows you to add links to any piece-type show page. Simply pass an array with the name of each desired piece-type. If you want to maintain linking to internal pages, also add @apostrophecms/any-page-type to your array. Note that you don't need to change this setting if you just want to link to the main index page for a piece type.

module.exports = {
  options: {
    linkWithType: [ '@apostrophecms/any-page-type', 'article' ]
  }
};

/modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/index.js

# Adding placeholder content

By default, the rich text widget displays placeholder content. To block this behavior, set the placeholder option to a value of false. To change the content, pass either a simple string or a string containing a namespaced i18n key, to the placeholderText option.

module.exports = {
  options: {
    placeholderText: 'myNamespace:placeholder'
  }
};

/modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/index.js

{
  "placeholder": "Add text here..."
}

/modules/@apostrophecms/rich-text-widget/i18n/myNamespace/en.json

The image widget supports displaying a single image, including its alt text. It also uses the image variants that Apostrophe generates to responsively load image files based on the active viewport width.

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/image': {}
}

# Specifying a minimum size

You can specify a minimum size for any image widget:

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/image': {
    minSize: [ 1000, 600 ]
  }
}

This widget won't allow the editor to select any image under 1000 pixels wide, or under 600 pixels tall. In addition, editors won't be able to crop the image smaller than that after selecting it for that particular widget.

# Specifying an aspect ratio

You can specify an aspect ratio for any image widget:

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/image': {
    aspectRatio: [ 3, 2 ]
  }
}

In some designs, especially slideshow experiences involving multiple images, allowing images with different aspect ratios just doesn't look good. For these cases, you can set an appropriate aspect ratio.

When you set an aspect ratio, editors can still select differently shaped images. However, if they save that selection without manually cropping it, the image is automatically cropped to match the ratio you set. If the editor does choose to manually crop it, the cropping interface ensures the aspect ratio you chose remains in effect.

# Taking advantage of the "focal point" feature

A fixed ratio for all devices doesn't work for all designs. If your responsive design features custom CSS with different ratios at different breakpoints, consider encouraging editors to use the focal point feature as an alternative to setting minSize. The image widget emits CSS that biases the browser toward ensuring that the editor's chosen focal point remains visible, regardless of device.

# Customizing responsive image sizes

The image widget's default srcset attribute for responsive behavior assumes the image is roughly the same width as the viewport. This will help reduce download times even if the display size is smaller, but you can make responsive loading more accurate by providing the sizes attribute (opens new window) value.

This configuration is applied as a template option. In the template's area tag, include a sizes context option for the image widget. The option value should be the actual HTML attribute value.

{% area data.page, 'main' with {
  '@apostrophecms/image': {
    sizes: '(min-width: 600px) 45vw, (min-width: 1140px) 530px'
  }
} %}

See below for the image variant sizes that Apostrophe generates by default.

# Specifying the fallback size

Most browsers will use the responsive srcset attribute to find the right image file to display. Older browsers may need the static src attribute value. By default Apostrophe uses the full image variant, no larger than 1140px by 1140px, for the src value.

You can change this in the area field widget options, using another image size name.

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
// In area field configuration options
widgets: {
  '@apostrophecms/image': {
    size: 'one-half'
  }
}

The sizes available by default are:

Name	Maximum width	Maximum height
`max`	1600px	1600px
`full`	1140px	1140px
`two-thirds`	760px	760px
`one-half`	570px	700px
`one-third`	380px	700px
`one-sixth`	190px	350px

The final image size name is original, which delivers the original image file. This should be used carefully since it could be very large and slow to download.

You can also elect to change the default size for all image widgets by passing a named size to the size option in a project-level image widget configuration. This size will be overridden by a size set in the area widget configuration.

module.exports = {
  options: {
    size: 'one-half'
  }
}

modules/@apostrophecms/image-widget/index.js

# Adding a `loading` attribute

You can elect to add a loading attribute to your image markup by passing the loadingType option to either the project-level image widget configuration or within the area widget configuration. This attribute (opens new window) can take values of lazy or eager to alter when the image is loaded onto the page. As with the size option, setting this option in the area widget configuration will override the value added to project-level options.

module.exports = {
  options: {
    loadingType: 'lazy'
  }
}

modules/@apostrophecms/image-widget/index.js

# Adding a placeholder image

The image widget displays a placeholder image by default. To block this behavior, set the placeholder option to a value of false.

Alternatively, the preview image can be changed for your project. For the image widget, the placeholderImage option takes just the file extension, like png (note no .). You must also copy a matching file to the public subdirectory of your project-level configuration of the module, e.g. copy that image to /modules/@apostrophecms/image-widget/public/placeholder.png (the name must be placeholder and the extension must match placeholderImage).

module.exports = {
  options: {
    // for a file named 'placeholder.png' in the module's project-level public folder
    placeholderImage: 'png'
  }
};

/modules/@apostrophecms/image-widget/index.js

NOTE

A legacy placeholderUrl option also exists, but we do not recommend it. Use placeholderImage and let Apostrophe do the hard work of determing the asset URL for you.

The core video widget accepts a video URL and fetches the embed code to display it. Most major video hosts are supported by default.

# Adding a placeholder video

By default, the video widget displays a placeholder video. To block this behavior, set the placeholder option to a value of false. The default video can be changed by adding a hosted video URL string as the value of the placeholderUrl option. The video URL must be compatible with the video widget, e.g., a YouTube video page URL, Vimeo video page URL, etc.

module.exports = {
  options: {
    placeholderUrl: 'https://vimeo.com/375468729'
  }
};

/modules/@apostrophecms/video-widget/index.js

Or: How to get access to the editing interface when embedded HTML breaks it.

The HTML widget allows content editors to embed raw HTML directly into a template. This can be helpful if they may need to add third-party features (e.g., sign-up forms). This can also be very dangerous since there are no limits to what they can add. Bad JavaScript in embedded HTML can break the user interface, making it impossible to remove the bad code.

Think carefully before providing this widget option to editors and make them aware of the risks.

There is a safety mechanism in case things do go wrong. If embedded HTML breaks the Apostrophe interface, append the query parameter safemode=1 to the end of the URL. The HTML widget will not render its contents and editors will be able to edit it to remove or fix the embed.

https://example.net/broken-page?safemode=1

To do that, access the page with ?safemode=1 at the end of the URL. Then you will be able to edit the widget and remove the offending content.

# Setting a CSS class on core widgets

There are two options to set classes on core widgets. You can add a className option to either the widget module or the widget options in an area field. That value will be added to the outer-most HTML element in core widget templates. If both are set, the className property on the area configuration will be used.

Configuring on the module widget level:

// app.js
require('apostrophe') {
  modules: {
    '@apostrophecms/video-widget': {
      options: {
        className: 'project-video-class'
      }
    }
  }
};

Configuring on the area field widget options:

// modules/@apostrophecms/home-page/index.js
module.exports = {
  fields: {
    add: {
      main: {
        type: 'area',
        options: {
          widgets: {
            '@apostrophecms/video': {
              className: 'area-video-class'
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    // ...
  }
};

← Areas and widgets Custom widgets →

# Core widgets

# Rich text widget

# Configuring the insert menu

# Configuring text styles

# Default rich text configuration

# Using Markdown in the Rich Text Widget

# Allowing links to specific piece-types

# Adding placeholder content

# Image widget

# Specifying a minimum size

# Specifying an aspect ratio

# Taking advantage of the "focal point" feature

# Customizing responsive image sizes

# Specifying the fallback size

# Adding a `loading` attribute

# Adding a placeholder image

# Video widget

# Adding a placeholder video

# HTML widget

# Setting a CSS class on core widgets

# Core widgets

# Rich text widget

# Configuring the toolbar

# Configuring the insert menu

# Configuring text styles

# Default rich text configuration

# Using Markdown in the Rich Text Widget

# Configuring the image toolbar and insert menu option

# Allowing links to specific piece-types

# Adding placeholder content

# Image widget

# Specifying a minimum size

# Specifying an aspect ratio

# Taking advantage of the "focal point" feature

# Customizing responsive image sizes

# Specifying the fallback size

# Adding a loading attribute

# Adding a placeholder image

# Video widget

# Adding a placeholder video

# HTML widget

# Setting a CSS class on core widgets

# Configuring the `image` toolbar and insert menu option

# Adding a `loading` attribute